## William Blackstone

## Commentaries on the Laws of England

#### APPENDIX

No. I. - Vetus Carta Feoffamenti [An old Deed of Feoffment ]

SCIANT presentes et futuri, quod ego Willielmus, filius Willielmi de Segenho, dedi, concessi, et hac presenti carta mea confirmavi, Johanni quondam filio Johannis de Saleford, pro quadam summa pecunie quam mihi dedit pre manibus, unam acram terre mee arabilis, jacentem in campo de Saleford, juxta terram quondam Richardi de la Mere; Habendam et Tenendam totam predictam acram terre cum omnibus ejus pertinentiis, prefato Johanni, et heredibus suis, et suis assignatis, de capitalibus dominis foedi: Reddendo et faciendo annuatim eisdem dominis capitalibus servitia inde debita et consueta: Et ego predictus Willielmus, et heredes mei, et mei assignati, totam predictam acram terre, cum omnibus suis pertinentiis, predicto Johanni de Saleford, et heredibus suis, et suis assignatis, contra omnes gentes warrantizabimus in perpetuum. In cujus rei testimonium huic presenti carte sigillum meum apposui; Hiis testibus, Nigello de Saleford, Johanne de Seybroke, Radulpho, clerico de Saleford, Johanne, molendario de eadem villa, et aliis. Data apud Saleford die Veneris proximo ante festum sancte Margarete virginis, anno regni regis Edwardi filii regis Edwardi sexto.

[KNOW all men present and to come, That I, William, son of William de Segenho, have given and granted, and by this my present deed have confirmed, to John, son of John of Saleford, for a certain sum of money which he has paid into my hands, one acre of my arable land, lying in the plain of Saleford, adjoining to the land of Richard de la Mere; To have and to hold all the aforesaid acre of land, with all its appurtenances, to the aforesaid John, and his heirs and assigns, of the chief lords of the fee: Rendering and performing yearly to the same chief lords the services therefore due and accustomed: And I, the aforesaid William, and my heirs and assigns, warrant all the aforesaid acre of land with all its appurtenances, to the aforesaid John of Saleford and to his heirs and assigns, against all the world for ever. In witness whereof I have put my seal to this present deed. Witness, Nigell de Saleford, John of Seybroke, Radulphus, clerk of Saleford, John, miller of the same town, and others. Given at Saleford, on the Friday next before the feast of St. Margaret the Virgin, in the sixth year of the reign of King Edward, the son of King Edward.]

(L. S.)

MEMORANDUM, quod die et anno infrascriptis plena et pacifica seisina acre infraspecificate, cum pertinentiis, data et deliberata fuit per infranominatum Willielmum de Segenho infranominato Johanni de Saleford, in propriis personis suis, secundum tenorem et effectum carte infrascripte, in presentia Nigelli de Saleford, Johannis de Seybroke, et aliorum.

[MEMORANDUM, That on the day and year within written full and quiet seizin of the within specified acre, with its appurtenances, was given and delivered by the within named William de Segenho to the within named John of Saleford, in their own proper persons, according to the tenor and effect of the within written deed, in the presence of Nigell de Saleford, John of Seybroke, and others.]

No. II. - A Modern Conveyance by Lease and Release

§ 1. Lease, or Bargain and Sale, for a Year.

This indenture , made the third day of September, in the twenty first year of the reign of our sovereign lord GEORGE the second by the grace of God king of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, defender of the faith, and so forth, and in the year of our Lord one thousand, seven hundred, and forty seven, between Abraham Barker of Dale Hall in the county of Norfolk, esquire, and Cecilia his wife, of the one part, and David Edwards of Lincoln's Inn in the county of Middlesex, esquire, and Francis Golding of the city of Norwich, clerk, of the other part, witnesseth; that the said Abraham Barker and Cecilia his wife, in consideration of five shillings of lawful money of Great Britain to them in hand paid by the said David Edwards and Francis Golding at or before the ensealing and delivery of these presents, (the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged,) and for other good causes and considerations them the said Abraham Barker and Cecilia his wife hereunto specially moving,

Have bargained and sold, and by these presents do, and each of them does, bargain and sell, unto the said David Edwards and Francis Golding, their executors, administrators, and assigns, All that the capital messuage, called Dale Hall in the parish of Dale in the said county of Norfolk, wherein the said Abraham Barker and Cecilia his wife now dwell, and all those their lands in the said parish of Dale called or known by the name of Wilson's farm, containing by estimation five hundred and forty acres, be the same more or less, together with all and singular houses, dovehouses, barns, buildings, stables, yards, gardens, orchards, lands, tenements, meadows, pastures, feedings, commons, woods, underwoods, ways, waters, watercourses, fishings, privileges, profits, easements, commodities, advantages, emoluments, hereditaments, and appurtenances whatsoever to the said capital messuage and farm belonging or appertaining, or with the same used or enjoyed, or accepted, reputed, taken, or known, as part, parcel, or member thereof, or as belonging to the same or any part thereof; and the reversion and reversions, remainder and remainders, yearly and other rents, issues, and profits thereof, and of every part and parcel thereof:

To have and to hold the said capital messuage, lands, tenements, hereditaments, and all and singular other the premises herein before mentioned or intended to be bargained and sold, and every part and parcel thereof, with their and every of their rights, members, and appurtenances, unto the said David Edwards and Francis Golding, their executors, administrators, and assigns, from the day next before the day of the date of these presents, for and during, and unto the full end and term of, one whole year from thence next ensuing and fully to be complete and ended: Yielding and paying therefore unto the said Abraham Barker, and Cecilia his wife, and their heirs or assigns, the yearly rent of one peppercorn at the expiration of the said term, if the same shall be lawfully demanded:

To the intent and purpose, that by virtue of these presents, and of the statute for transferring uses into possession, the said David Edwards and Francis Golding may be in the actual possession of the premises, and be thereby enabled to take and accept a grant and release of the freehold, reversion, and inheritance of the same premises, and of every part and parcel thereof, to them, their heirs, and assigns; to the uses, and upon the trusts, thereof to be declared by another indenture, intended to bear date the day next after the day of the date hereof.

In witness whereof the parties to these presents their hands and seals have subscribed and set, the day and year first above written.

Sealed, and delivered, being first duly stamped, in the presence of George Carter. William Browne. | Abraham Barker. (L. S.) Cecilia Barker. (L. S.) David Edwards. (L. S.) Francis Golding. (L. S.)

§ 2. Deed of Release.

This indenture of five parts, made the fourth day of September, in the twenty-first year of the reign of our sovereign lord GEORGE the second by the grace of God king of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, defender of the faith, and so forth, and in the year of our Lord one thousand, seven hundred, and forty-seven, between Abraham Barker, of Dale Hall in the county of Norfolk, esquire, and Cecilia his wife, of the first part; David Edwards of Lincoln's Inn in the county of Middlesex, esquire, executor of the last will and testament of Lewis Edwards, of Cowbridge in the county of Glamorgan, gentleman, his late father, deceased, and Francis Golding of the city of Norwich, clerk, of the second part; Charles Browne of Enstone in the county of Oxford, gentleman, and Richard More of the city of Bristol, merchant, of the third part; Join Barker, esquire, son and heir apparent of the said Abraham Barker, of the fourth part; and Katherine Edwards, spinster, one of the sisters of the said David Edwards, of the fifth part.

Whereas a marriage is intended, by the permission of God, to be shortly had and solemnized between the said John Barker and Katherine Edwards:

Now this indenture witnesseth , that in consideration of the said intended marriage, and of the sum of five thousand pounds, of good and lawful money of Great Britain, to the said Abraham Barker, (by and with the consent and agreement of the said John Barker, and Katherine Edwards, testified by their being parties to, and their sealing and delivery of, these presents,) by the said David Edwards in hand paid at or before the ensealing and delivery hereof being the marriage portion of the said Katherine Edwards, bequeathed to her by the last will and testament of the said Lewis Edwards, her late father, deceased; the receipt and payment whereof the said Abraham Barker does hereby acknowledge, and thereof, and of every part and parcel thereof, they the said Abraham Barker, John Barker, and Katherine Edwards, do, and each of them does, release, acquit, and discharge the said David Edwards, his executors, and administrators, for ever by these presents: and for providing a competent jointure and provision of maintenance for the said Katherine Edwards, in case she shall, after the said intended marriage had, survive and overlive the said John Barker her intended husband: and for settling and assuring the capital messuage, lands, tenements, and hereditaments, hereinafter mentioned, unto such uses, and upon such trusts, as are hereinafter expressed and declared: and for and in consideration of the sum of five shillings of lawful money of Great Britain to the said Abraham Barker and Cecilia his wife in hand paid by the said David Edwards and Francis Golding, and of ten shillings of like lawful money to them also in hand paid by the said Charles Browne and Richard More, at or before the ensealing and delivery hereof, (the several receipts whereof are hereby respectively acknowledged,) they the said Abraham Barker and Cecilia his Wife,

Have , and each of them has, granted, bargained, sold, released, and confirmed, and by these presents do, and each of them does, grant, bargain, sell, release, and confirm unto the said David Edwards and Francis Golding, their heirs and assigns, All that the capital messuage called Dale Hall, in the parish of Dale in the said county of Norfolk, wherein the said Abraham Barker and Cecilia his wife now dwell, and all those their lands in the said parish of Dale called or known by the name of Wilson's farm, containing by estimation five hundred and forty acres, be the same more or less, together with all and singular houses, dovehouses, barns, buildings, stables, yards, gardens, orchards, lands, tenements, meadows, pastures, feedings, commons, woods, underwoods, ways, waters, water-course, fishings, privileges, profits, easements, commodities, advantages, emoluments, hereditaments, and appurtenances whatsoever to the said capital messuage and farm belonging or appertaining, or with the same used or enjoyed, or accepted, reputed, taken, or known, as part, parcel, or member thereof, or as belonging to the same or any part thereof; (all which said premises are now in the actual possession of the said David Edwards and Francis Golding, by virtue of a bargain and sale to them thereof made by the said Abraham Barker and Cecilia his wife for one whole year, in consideration of five shillings to them paid by the said David Edwards and Francis Golding, in and by one indenture bearing date the day next before the day of the date hereof, and by force of the statute for transferring uses into possession;) and the reversion and reversions, remainder and remainders, yearly and other rents, issues, and profits thereof, and every part and parcel thereof, and also all the estate, right, title, interest, trust, property, claim, and demand whatsoever, both at law and in equity, of them the said Abraham Barker and Cecilia his wife, in, to, or out of, the said capital messuage, lands, tenements, hereditaments, and premises:

To have and to hold the said capital messuage, lands, tenements, hereditaments, and all and singular other the premises herein before mentioned to be hereby granted and released, with their and every of their appurtenances, unto the said David Edwards and Francis Golding, their heirs and assigns, of such uses, upon such trusts, and to and for such intents and purposes as are hereinafter mentioned, expressed, and declared, of and concerning the same: that is to say, to the use and behalf of the said Abraham Barker, and Cecilia his wife, according to their several and respective estates and interests therein, at the time of, or immediately before, the execution of these presents, until the solemnization of the said intended marriage: and from and after the solemnization thereof, to the use and behalf of the said John Barker, for and during the term of his natural life; without impeachment of or for any manner of waste: and from and after the determination of that estate, then to the use of the said David Edwards and Francis Golding, and their heirs, during the life of the said John Barker, upon trust to support and preserve the contingent uses and estates hereinafter limited from being defeated and destroyed, and for the purpose to make entries, or bring actions, as the case shall require; but nevertheless to permit and suffer the said John Barker, and his assigns, during his life, to receive and take the rents and profits thereof, and of every part thereof, to and for his and their own use and benefit: and from and after the decease of the said John Barker, then to the use and behalf of the said Katherine Edwards, his intended wife, for and during the term of her natural life, for her jointure, and in lieu, bar, and satisfaction of her dower and thirds at common law, which she can or may have or claims, or, in, to, or out of, all, and every, or any, of the lands, tenements, and hereditaments, whereof or wherein the said John Barker now is, or at any time or times hereafter during the coverture between them shall be seized of any estate of freehold or inheritance: and from and after the decease of the said Katherine Edwards, or other sooner determination of the said estate, then to the use and behalf of the said Charles Browne and Richard More, their executors, administrators, and assigns, for and during, and unto the full end and term of, five hundred years from thence next ensuing and fully to be complete and ended, without impeachment of waste: upon such trusts nevertheless, and to and for such intents and purposes, and under and subject ot such provisoes and agreements, as are hereinafter mentioned, expressed, and declared of and concerning the same: and from and after the end, expiration, or other sooner determination of the said term of five hundred years, and subject thereunto, to the use and behalf of the first son of the said John Barker on the body of the said Katherine Edwards his intended wife to be begotten, and of the heirs of the body of such first son lawfully issuing; and for default of such issue, then to the use and behalf of the second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, and of all and every other the son and sons of the said John Barker of the body of the said Katherine Edwards his intended wife to be begotten, severally, successively, and in remainder, one after another, as they and every of them shall be in seniority of age and priority of birth, and of the several and respective heirs of the body and bodies of all and every such son and sons lawfully issuing; the elder of such sons, and the heirs of his body issuing, being always to be preferred and to take before the younger of such sons, and the heirs of his or their body or bodies issuing: and for defaulf of such issue, then to the use and behalf of all and every the daughter and daughters of the said John Barker on the body of the said Katherine Edwards his intended wife to be begotten, to be equally divided between them, (if more than one,) share and share alike, as tenants in common and not as jointenants, and of the several and respective heirs of the body and bodies of all and every such daughter and daughters lawfully issuing: and for default of such issue, then to the use and behalf of the heirs of the body of him the said John Barker lawfully issuing: and for default of such heirs, then to the use and behalf of the said Cecilia, the wife of the said Abraham Barker, and of her heirs and assigns for ever.

And as to, for, and concerning the term of five hundred years herein before limited to the said Charles Browne and Richard More, their executors, administrators and assigns, as aforesaid, it is hereby declared and agreed by and between all the said parties to these presents, that the same is so limited to them upon the trusts, and to and for the intents and purposes, and under and subject to the provisoes and agreements, hereinafter mentioned, expressed, and declared, of and concerning the same: that is to say, in case there shall be an eldest or only son and one more or other child or children of the said John Barker, on the body of said Katherine, his intended wife to be begotten, then upon trust that they the said Charles Browne and Richard More, their executors, administrators, and assigns, by sale or mortgage of the said term of five hundred years, or by such other ways and means as they or the survivor of them, or the executors or administrators of such survivor shall think fit, shall and do raise and levy, or borrow and take up at interest, the sum of four thousand pounds of lawful money of Great Britain, for the portion or portions of such other child and children (besides the eldest or only son) as aforesaid, to be equally divided between them (if more than one) share and share alike; the portion or portions of such of them as shall be a son or sons to be paid at his or their respective age or ages of twenty-one years; and the portion or portions of such of them as shall be a daughter or daughters to be paid at her or their respective age or ages of twenty one years, or day or days of marriage, which shall first happen. And upon this further trust, that in the mean time and until the same portions shall become payable as aforesaid, the said Charles Browne and Richard More, their executors, administrators, and assigns, shall and do, by and out of the rents, issues, and profits of the premises aforesaid, raise and levy such competent yearly sum and sums of money for the maintenance and education of such child or children, as shall not exceed in the whole the interest of their respective portions after the rate of four pounds in the hundred yearly.

Provided always, that in case any of the same children shall happen to die before his, her, or their portions of such of them so dying shall go and be paid unto and be equally divided among the survivor of survivors of them, when and at such time as the original portion or portions of such surviving child or children shall become payable as aforesaid.

Provided also, that in case there shall be no such child or children of the said John Barker on the body of the said Katherine his intended wife begotten, besides an eldest or only son; or in case all and every such child or children shall happen to die before all or any of their said portions shall become due and payable as aforesaid; or in case the said portions, and also such maintenance as aforesaid, shall by the said Charles Browne and Richard More, their executors, administrators, or assigns, be raised and levied by any of the ways and means in that behalf aforementioned; or in case the same by such person or persons as shall for the time being be next in reversion or remainder of the same premises expectant upon the said term of five hundred years, shall be paid, or well and duly secured to be paid, according to the true intent and meaning of these presents; then and in any of the said cases, and at all times thenceforth, the said term of five hundred years, or so much thereof as shall remain unsold or undisposed of for the purposes aforesaid, shall cease, determine, and be utterly void to all intents and purposes, any thing herein contained to the contrary thereof in any wife notwithstanding.

Provided also, and it is hereby further declared and agreed by and between all the said parties to these presents, that in case the said Abraham Barker or Cecilia his wife, at any time during their lives, or the life of the survivor of them, with the approbation of the said David Edwards and Francis Golding, or the survivor of them, or the executors and administrators of such survivor, shall settle, convey, and assure other lands and tenements of an estate of inheritance in fee simple, in possession, in some convenient place or places within the realm of England, of equal or better value than the said capital messuage, lands, tenements, hereditaments and premises, hereby granted and released, and in lieu, and recompense thereof, unto and for such and the life uses, intents and purposes, and upon such and the like trusts, as the said capital messuage, lands, tenements, hereditaments, and premises are hereby settled and assured unto and upon, then and in such case, and at all times from thenceforth, all and every the use and uses, trust and trusts, estate and estates herein before limited, expressed, and declared of or concerning the same, shall cease, determine, and be utterly void to all intents and purposes; and the same capital messuage, lands, tenements, hereditaments, and premises, shall from thenceforth remain and be to and for the only proper use and behalf of the said Abraham Barker or Cecilia his wife, or the survivor of them so settling, conveying, and assuring and assigns for ever: and to and for no other use, intent, or purpose whatsoever; any thing herein contained to the contrary thereof in any wise notwithstanding.

And , for the considerations aforesaid, and for barring all estates tail, and all remainders or reversions thereupon expectant and depending, if any be now subsisting and unbarred or otherwise undetermined, of and in the said capital messuage, lands, tenements, hereditaments, and premises, hereby granted and released, or mentioned to be hereby granted and released, or any of them, or any part thereof, the said Abraham Barker for himself and the said Cecilia his wife, his and her heirs, executors, and administrators, and the said John Barker for himself, his heirs, executors, and administrators, do, and each of them does, respectively covenant, promise, and grant, to and with the said David Edwards and Francis Golding, their heirs, executors, and administrators, by these presents, that they the said Abraham Barker and Cecilia his wife, and John Barker, shall and will, at the costs and charges of the said Abraham Barker, before the end of Michaelmas term next ensuing the date hereof, acknowledge and levy, before his Majesty's justices of the court of common pleas at Westminster, one or more fine or fines, sur cognizance de droit, come ceo, etc. with proclamations according to the form of the statutes in that case made and provided, and the usual course of fines in such cases accustomed, unto the said David Edwards, and his heirs, of the said capital messuage, lands, tenements, hereditaments, and premises, by such apt and convenient names, quantities, qualities, number of acres, and other descriptions to ascertain the same, as shall be thought meet: which said fine or fines, so as aforesaid or in any other manner levied and acknowledged, or to be levied and acknowledged, shall be and inure, and shall be adjudged, deemed, construed, and taken, and so are and were meant and intended, to be and inure, and are hereby declared by all the said parties to these presents to be and inure, to the use and behalf of the said David Edwards, and his heirs and assigns; to the intent and purpose that the said David Edwards may, by virtue of the said fine or fines so covenanted and agreed to be levied as aforesaid, be and become perfect tenant of the freehold of the fair capital messuage, lands, tenements, hereditaments, and all other the premises, to the end that one or more good and perfect common recovery or recoveries may be thereof had and suffered, in such manner as is hereinafter for that purpose mentioned. And it is hereby declared and agreed by and between all the said parties to these presents, that it shall and may be lawful to and for the said Francis Golding, at the costs and charges of the said Abraham Barker, before the end of Michaelmas term next ensuing the date hereof, to sue forth and prosecute out of his majesty's high court of chancery one more writ or writs of entry sur disseizin en le post, returnable before his majesty's justices of the court of common pleas at Westminster, thereby demanding by apt and convenient names, quantities, qualities, number of acres, and other descriptions, the said capital messuage, lands, tenements, hereditaments, and premises, against the said David Edwards; to which said writ, or writs, of entry he the said David Edwards shall appear gratis, either in his own proper person, or by his attorney thereto lawfully authorized, and vouch over to warranty the said Abraham Barker, and Cecilia his wife, and John Barker; who shall also gratis appear in their proper persons, or by their attorney, or attorneys, thereto lawfully authorized, and enter into the warranty, and vouch over to warranty the common vouchee of the same court; who shall also appear, and after imparlance shall make default; so as judgment shall and may be thereupon had and given for the said Francis Golding, to recover the said capital messuage, lands, tenements, hereditaments, and premises, against the said David Edwards, and for him to recover in value against the said Abraham Barker, and Cecilia his wife, and John Barker, and for them to recover in value against the said common vouchee, and that execution shall and may be thereupon awarded and had accordingly, and all and every other act and thing be done and executed, needful and requisite for the suffering and perfecting of such common recovery or recoveries, with vouchers as aforesaid. And it is hereby further declared and agreed by and agreed by and between all the said parties to these presents, that immediately from and after the suffering and perfecting of the said recovery or recoveries, so as aforesaid, or in any other manner, or at any other time or times, suffered or to be suffered, as well these presents and the assurance hereby made, and the said fine or fines so covenanted to be levied as aforesaid, as also the said recovery or recoveries, and also all and every other fine and fines, recovery and recoveries, conveyances, and assurances in the law whatsoever heretofore had, made, levied, suffered, or executed, or hereafter to be had, made, levied, suffered, or executed, of the said capital messuage, lands, tenements, hereditaments, and premises, or any of them or any part thereof, by and between the said parties of these presents or any of them, or whereunto they or any of them are or shall be parties or privies, shall be and inure, and shall be adjudged, deemed, construed, and taken, and so are and were meant and intended, to be and inure, and the recoveror or recoverors in the said recovery or recoveries named or to be names, and his or their heirs, shall stand and be seized of the said capital messuage, lands, tenements, hereditaments, and premises, and of every part and parcel thereof, to the uses, upon the trusts, and to and for the intents and purposes, and under and subject to the provisoes, limitations, and agreements, herein before mentioned, expressed, and declared, of and concerning the same.

And the said Abraham Barker, party hereunto, does hereby for himself, his heirs, executors, and administrators, further covenant, promise, grant, and agree, to and with the David Edwards and Francis Golding, their heirs, executors, and administrators, in manner and form following; that is to say, that the said capital messuage, lands, tenements, hereditaments, and premises, shall and may at all times hereafter remain, continue, and be, to and for the uses and purposes, upon the trusts, and under and subject to the provisoes, limitations, and agreements, hereinbefore mentioned, expressed, and declared, of and concerning the same; and shall and may be peaceably and quietly had, held, and enjoyed accordingly, without any lawful let or interruption of or by the said Abraham Barker or Cecilia his wife, parties hereunto, his or her heirs or assigns, or of or by any other person or persons lawfully claiming or to claim from, by, or under, or in trust for him, her, them, or any of them, or from, by, or under his or her ancestors, or any of them; and shall so remain, continue, and be, free and clear, and freely and clearly acquitted, exonerated, and discharged, or otherwise by the said Abraham Barker, or Cecilia his wife, parties hereunto, his or her heirs, executors, or administrators, well and sufficiently saved, defended, kept harmless, and indemnified or, from and against all former and other gifts, grants, bargains, sales, leases, mortgages, estates, titles, troubles, charges, and encumbrances whatsoever, had, made, done, committed, occasioned, or suffered, or to be had, made, done, committed, occasioned, or suffered, by the said Abraham Barker, or Cecilia his wife, or by his or her ancestors, or any of them, or by his, her, their, or any of their act, means, assent, consent, or procurement:

And moreover that he the said Abraham Barker, and Cecilia his wife, parties hereunto, and his and her heirs, and all other persons having or lawfully claiming, or which shall or may have or lawfully claim, any estate, right, title, trust, or interest, at law or in equity, of, in, to, or out of, the said capital messuage, lands, tenements, hereditaments, and premises, or any of them, or any part thereof, by or under or in trust for him, her, them, or any of them, or by or under his or her ancestors or any of them, shall and will from time to time, and at all times hereafter, upon every reasonable request, and at the costs and charges, of the said David Edwards and Francis Golding, or either of them, their or either of their heirs, executors, or administrators, make, do, and execute, or cause to be made, done, and executed, all such further and other lawful and reasonable acts, deeds, conveyances, and assurances in the law whatsoever, for the further, better, more perfect, and absolute granting, conveying, settling, and assuring of the same capital messuage, lands, tenements, hereditaments, and premises, to and for the uses and purposes, upon the trusts, and under and subject to the provisoes, limitations, and agreements, herein before mentioned, expressed, and declared, of and concerning the same, as by the said David Edwards and Francis Golding or either of them, their or either of their heirs, executors, or administrators, or their or any of their counsel learned in the law shall be reasonably advised, devised, or required: so as such further assurances contain in them no further or other warranty or covenants than against the person or persons, his, her, or their heirs, who shall make or do the same; and so as the party or parties, who shall be requested to make such further assurances, be not compelled or compellable, for making or doing thereof, to go and travel above five miles from his, her, or their then respective dwellings, or places of above.

Provided lastly , and it is hereby further declared and agreed by and between all the parties to these presents, that it shall and may be lawful to and for the said Abraham Barker and Cecilia his wife, John Barker and Katherine his intended wife, and David Edwards, and any time or times hereafter, during their joint lives, by any writing or writings under their respective hands and seals and attested by two or more credible witnesses, to revoke, make void, alter, or change all and every or any the use and uses, estate and estates, herein and hereby before limited and declared, or mentioned or intended to be limited and declared, of and in the capital messuage, lands, tenements, hereditaments, and premises aforesaid, or of and in any part or parcel thereof, and to declare new and other uses of the same, or of any part or parcel thereof, any thing herein contained to the contrary thereof in any wife notwithstanding.

In witness whereof the parties to these presents their hands and seals have subscribed and set, the day and year first above written.

Sealed, and delivered, being first duly stamped, in the presence of George Carter. William Browne. | Abraham Barker. (L. S.) Cecilia Barker. (L. S.) David Edwards. (L. S.) Francis Golding. (L. S.) Charles Browne. (L. S.) Richard More. (L. S.) John Barker. (L. S.) Katherine Edwards. (L. S.)

No. III. - An Obligation, or Bond, with Condition for the Payment of Money

Know all men by these presents, that I David Edwards, of Lincoln's Inn in the county of Middlesex, esquire, am held and firmly bound to Abraham Barker of Dale Hall in the county of Norfolk, esquire, in ten thousand pounds of lawful money of Great Britain, to be paid to the said Abraham Barker, or his certain attorney, executors, administrators, or assigns; for which payment well and truly to be made, I bind myself, my heirs, executors, and administrators, firmly by these presents, sealed with my seal. Dated the fourth day of September in the twenty first year of the reign of our sovereign lord George the second by the grace of God king of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, defender of the faith, and so forth, and in the year of our Lord one thousand, seven hundred, and forty seven.

The condition of this obligation is such, that if the above bounden David Edwards, his heirs, executors, or administrators, do and shall well and truly pay, or cause to be paid, unto the above named Abraham Barker, his executors, administrators, or assigns, the full sum of five thousand pounds of lawful British money, with lawful interest for the same, on the fourth day of March next ensuing the date of the above written obligation, then this obligation shall be void and of none effect, or else shall be and remain in full force and virtue.

Sealed, and delivered, being first duly stamped, in the presence of George Carter. William Browne. | David Edwards. (L. S.)

No. IV. - A Fine of Lands, sur Cognizance de Droit, come ceo, etc.

§ 1. Writ of Covenant; or Praecipe.

George the second by the grace of God of Great Britain, France and Ireland king, defender of the faith, and so forth; to the sheriff of Norfolk, greeting. Command Abraham Barker, esquire, and Cecilia his wife, and John Barker, esquire, that justly and without delay they perform to David Edwards, esquire, the covenant made between them of two messuages, two gardens, three hundred acres of pasture, and fifty acres of wood, with the appurtenances, in Dale; and unless they shall so do, and if the said David shall give you security of prosecuting his claim, then summon by good summoners the said Abraham, Cecilia, and John, that they appear before our justices, at Westminster, from the day of saint Michael in one month, to show wherefore they have not done it: and have you there the summoners, and this writ. Witness ourself at Westminster, the ninth day of October, in the twenty first year of our reign.

Pledges of prosecution, John Doe. Richard Roe.

Summoners of the within named Abraham, Cecilia, and John. John Den. Richard Fen.

§ 2. The License to Agree.

Norfolk, to wit.

David Edwards , esquire, gives to the lord the king ten marks, for license to agree with Abraham Barker, esquire, of a plea of covenant of two messuages, two gardens, three hundred acres of land, one hundred acres of meadow, two hundred acres of pasture, and fifty acres of wood, with the appurtenances, in Dale.

§ 3. The Concord.

And the agreement is such , to wit, that the aforesaid Abraham, Cecilia, and John, have acknowledged the aforesaid tenements, with the appurtenances, to be the right of him the said David, as those which the said David has of the gift of the aforesaid Abraham, Cecilia, and John; and those they have remised and quitted claim, from them and their heirs, to the aforesaid David and his heirs for ever. And further, the same Abraham, Cecilia, and John, have granted, for themselves and their heirs, that they will warrant to the aforesaid David, and his heirs, the aforesaid tenements, with the appurtenances, against all men for ever. And for this recognition, remise, quit-claim, warranty, fine, and agreement, the said David has given to the said Abraham, Cecilia, and John, two hundred pounds sterling.

§ 4. The Note, or Abstract.

Norfolk, to wit.

Between David Edwards, esquire, complainant, and Abraham Barker, esquire, and Cecilia his wife, and John Barker, esquire, deforciants, of two messuages, two gardens, three hundred acres of land, one hundred acres of meadow, two hundred acres of pasture, and fifty acres of wood, with the appurtenances, in Dale, whereupon a plea of covenant was summoned between them; to wit, that the said Abraham. Cecilia, and John, have acknowledged the aforesaid tenement, with the appurtenances, to be the right of him the said David, as those which the said David has of the gift of the aforesaid Abraham, Cecilia, and John; and those they have remised and quitted claim, from them and their heirs, to the aforesaid David and his heirs for ever. And further, the same Abraham, Cecilia, and John, have granted for themselves, and their heirs, that they will warrant to the aforesaid David, and his heirs, the aforesaid tenements, with the appurtenances, against all men for ever. And for this recognition, remise, quit-claim, warranty, fine, and agreement, the said David has given to the said Abraham, Cecilia, and John, two hundred pounds sterling.

§ 5. The Foot, Chirograph, or Indentures, of the Fine.

Norfolk, to wit.

This is the final agreement , made in the court of the lord the king at Westminster, from the day of saint Michael in one month, in the twenty first year of the reign of the lord GEORGE the recond by the grace of God of Great Britain, France, and Ireland king, defender of the faith, and so forth, before John Willes, Thomas Abney, Thomas Burnet, and Thomas Birch, justices, and other faithful subjects of the lord the king then there present, between David Edwards, esquire, complainant, and Abraham Barker, esquire, and Cecilia his wife, and John Barker, esquire, deforciants, of two messuages, two gardens, three hundred acres of land, one hundred acres of meadow, two hundred acres of pasture, and fifty acres of wood, with the appurtenances, in Dale, whereupon a plea of covenant was summoned between them in the same court; to wit, that the aforesaid Abraham, Cecilia, and John, have acknowledged the aforesaid tenements, with the appurtenances, to be the right of him the said David, as those which the said David has of the gift of the aforesaid Abraham, Cecilia, and John; and those they have remised and quitted claim, from them and their heirs, to the aforesaid David and his heirs for ever. And further, the same Abraham, Cecilia, and John, have granted for themselves and their heirs, that they will warrant to the aforesaid David and his heirs, the aforesaid tenements, with the appurtenances, against all men for ever. And for this recognition, remise, quit-claim, warranty, fine, and agreement, the said David has given to the said Abraham, Cecilia, and John, two hundred pounds sterling.

§ 6. Proclamations, Endorsed upon the Fine, According to the Statutes.

The first proclamation was made the sixteenth day of November, in the term of saint Michael, in the twenty first year of the king withinwritten.

The second proclamation was made the fourth day of February, in the term of saint Hilary, in the twenty first year of the king withinwritten.

The third proclamation was made the thirteenth day of May, in the term of Easter, in the twenty first year of the king withinwritten.

The fourth proclamation was made the twenty eighth day of June, in the term of the holy Trinity, in the twenty second year of the king withinwritten.

No. V. - A Common Recovery of Lands, with Double Voucher 1

§ 1. Writ of Entry sur Disseizin in the Post; or, Praecipe.

George the second by the grace of God of Great Britain, France, and Ireland king, defender of the faith, and so forth; to the sheriff of Norfolk, greeting. Command David Edwards, esquire, that justly and without delay he render to Francis Golding, clerk, two messuages, two gardens, three hundred acres of land, one hundred acres of meadow, two hundred acres of pasture, and fifty acres of wood, with the appurtenances, in Dale, which he claims to be his right and inheritance, and into which the said David has not entry, unless after the disseizin, which Hugh Hunt thereof unjustly, and without judgement, has made to the aforesaid Francis, within thirty years now last past, as he says, and whereupon he complains that the aforesaid David deforces him. And unless he shall so do, and if the said Francis shall give you security of prosecuting his claim, then summon by good summoners the said David, that he appear before our justices at Westminster, on the octave of saint Martin, to shew wherefore he has not done it: and have you there the summoners, and this writ. Witness ourself at Westminster, the twenty ninth day of October, in the twenty first year of out reign.

Pledges of prosecution, John Doe. Richard Roe.

Summoners of the withinnamed David, John Den. Richard Fen.

§ 2. Exemplification of the Recovery Roll.

George the second by the grace of God of Great Britain, France, and Ireland king, defender of the faith, and so forth; to all to whom these our present letters shall come, greeting. Know ye , that among the pleas of land, enrolled at Westminster, before Sir John Willes, knight, and his fellows, our justices of the bench, of the term of saint Michael, in the twenty first year of out reign, upon the fifty second roll it is thus contained. Entry returnable on the octave of saint Martin. Norfolk , to wit: Francis Golding, clerk, in his proper person demands against David Edwards, esquire, two messuages, two gardens, three hundred acres of land, one hundred acres of meadow, two hundred acres of pasture, and fifty acres of wood, with the appurtenances, in Dale, as his right and inheritance, and into which the said David has not entry, unless after the disseizin, which Hugh Hunt thereof unjustly, and without judgment, has made to the aforesaid Francis, within thirty years now last past. And whereupon he says, that he himself was seized of the tenements aforesaid, with the appurtenances, in his demesne as of fee and right, in time of peace, in the time of the lord the king that now is, by taking the profits thereof to the value [2 of six shillings and eight pence, and more, in rents, corn, and grass:] and into which [the said David has not entry, unless as aforesaid:] and thereupon he brings suit, [and good proof.] And the said David in his proper person comes and defends his right, when [and where the court shall award,] and thereupon vouches to warranty "John Barker, esquire; who is present here in court in his proper person, and the tenements aforesaid with the appurtenances to him freely warrants, [and prays that the said Francis may count against him.] And hereupon the said Francis demands against the said John, tenant by his own warranty, the tenements aforesaid with the appurtenances, in form aforesaid, etc. And whereupon he says, that he himself was seized of the tenements aforesaid, with the appurtenances, in his demesne as of fee and right, in time of peace, in the time of the lord the king that now is, by taking the profits thereof to the value, etc. And into which, etc. And whereupon he bringeth suit, etc. And the aforesaid John, tenant by his own warranty, defends his right, when, etc. and thereupon he further vouches to warranty" Jacob Morland; who is present here in court in his proper person, and the tenements aforesaid, with the appurtenances, to him freely warrants, etc. And hereupon the said Francis demands against the said Jacob, tenant by his own warranty, the tenements aforesaid, with the appurtenances, in form aforesaid, etc. And whereupon he says, that he himself was seized of the tenements aforesaid, with the appurtenances, in his demesne as of fee and right, in time of peace, in the time of the lord the king that now is, by taking the profits thereof to the value, etc. And into which, etc. And thereupon the brings suit, etc. And the aforesaid Jacob, tenant by his own warranty, defends his right, when, etc. And says that the aforesaid Hugh did not disseize the aforesaid Francis of the tenements aforesaid, as the aforesaid Francis by his writ and count aforesaid above does suppose: and of this he puts himself upon the country. And the aforesaid Francis thereupon craves leave to imparl; and he has it. And afterwards the aforesaid Francis comes again here into court in this same term in his proper person, and the aforesaid Jacob, though solemnly called, comes not again, but has departed in contempt of the court, and makes default. Therefore it is considered , that the aforesaid Francis do recover his seizin against the aforesaid David of the tenements aforesaid, with the appurtenances; and that the said David have of the land of the aforesaid "John, to the value [of the tenements aforesaid;] and further, that the said John, have of the land of the said" Jacob to the value [of the tenements aforesaid.] And the said Jacob in mercy. And hereupon the said Francis prays a writ of the lord the king, to be directed to the sheriff of the county aforesaid, to cause him to have full seizin of the tenements aforesaid with the appurtenances: and it is granted unto him, returnable here without delay. Afterwards, that is to say, the twenty eighth day of November in this same term, here comes the said Francis in his proper person; and the sheriff, namely Sir Charles Thompson, knight, now sends, that he by virtue of the writ aforesaid to him directed, on the twenty fourth day of the same month, did cause the said Francis to have full seizin of the tenements aforesaid with the appurtenances, as he was commanded. All and singular which premises, at the request of the said Francis, by the tenor of these presents we have held good to be exemplified. In testimony whereof we have caused our seal, appointed for sealing writs in the bench aforesaid, to be affixed to these presents. Witness Sir John Willes, knight, at Westminster, the twenty eighth day of November, in the twenty first year of our reign.

Cooke.

1. Note, that if the recovery be had with single voucher, the parts marked "thus" in § 2 are omitted.

2. The clauses, between hooks [brackets], are no otherwise expressed in the record than by an etc.

### Book 3

Last updated on Mon May 4 11:21:17 2009 for eBooks@Adelaide.